The early Zoetrope was originally made in China by a man named Ding Huan in 180 AD.
The modern Zoetrope was invented in 1834 by William Georger Horner whose a mathematician.
A Zoetrope is a open cylinder with slits on the side of the open cylinder. The frame by frame drawings are inside the cylinder, so when the Zoetrope spins it will be able create a mini animation.
In a Zoetrope there’s an animation reel, strobe effect, Zoetrope wall and a base.

A zoetrope is really similar to the praxinoscope, so similar that  mainly people mixed them up. The only thing that is mainly different between them is that the zoetrope uses slits and the praxinoscope uses mirrors, so these are using different types of methods to create a spinning animation.

The praxinoscope was invented in 1877 by a Frenchman, Charles Reynaud who was the first  to overcome the picture distortion caused by viewing through moving slots.  This was a great invention that many people say it’s better than the previous ones before praxinoscope. And because of it, it quickly replaced the zoetrope’s popularity.

Praxinoscope has mirrors in the middle with frames at the side that’s been placed inside a shallow outer cylinder, to see the movement of the animation you have to spin it and look at the mirrors. The number of mirrors are actually equal to the number of pictures so the images of pictures are viewed in the mirrors.
The reflected pictures gives an illusion of moving pictures, when the outer cylinder rotates.
This is how the mirror is placed.

To spin the Praxinoscope, you have to spin the top of it.

A close up version.

Later invention of praxinoscope- praxinoscope theatre 

The later invention of praxinoscope was invented in France by Charles-Emile Reynaud in 1877.

Instead of using viewing slits in a deep metal bin, the praxinoscope employed a ring of twelve flat mirrors—positioned halfway between the center of a much shallower container and its outer wall.

Recreative inventions
Praxinoscope

I love how people recreate zoetrope and praxinoscope in their own way to represent their own style.

This video below is a recreation of praxinoscope that is made of handmade crystal by Jasper Dowding.
I find this really interesting and creative, especially when the sculpture itself is actually a praxinoscope that works but crystal.

The video down below is another create praxinoscope that’s been created in a different style. Using both praxinoscopes and the technique of matching up the frame rate of the spinning record to that of the camera, no computer super-imposing was used; what you see is what rolled off the camera. The transitions between each section of animation was created by simply cutting or wiping between the bits of footage. All the animations were created, drawn and coloured by the director David Wilson.

Zoetrope

This zoetrope was created by Pixar, using the characters from Toy Story.
Andy tells an introduction of what a zoetrope is before it starts spinning.

Here is a video of an introduction of zoetrope in detail and the making of it.

This is anothere example of a zoetrope by Cartoon Network but this zoetrope is with the slits.